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首页> 外文OA文献 >Évaluation du risque chimique dans l’environnement marin : exemple d’application aux installations industrielles du Nord-Cotentin
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Évaluation du risque chimique dans l’environnement marin : exemple d’application aux installations industrielles du Nord-Cotentin

机译：海洋环境中的化学风险评估：Nord-Cotentin工业装置的应用实例

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In the context of the European legislation on chemicals (existing, new chemicals and biocides) a risk assessment for the environment and human health is performed. A technical guidance document (TGD), in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No1488/64 on risk assessment for existing substances has been developed in 1996 and was recently adapted for the marine environment. The methodological concept is based on the relation between a value representing the contamination level of a chemical substance in the environment (exposure assessment) and a value representing its effects on the environment (effects assessment). The exposure value is expressed as PEC for “Predicted Environmental Concentration” and the effect value is defined as the PNEC, for “Predictive No effect Concentration”. The risk characterisation is represented by the value of the PEC/PNEC ratio. The recent adaptation of the technical guidance document lead to two different aquatic assessments: one for the inland compartment and one for the marine compartment. This adaptation was conducted during two years and is the result of the co-operation of the European Commission and the OSPAR Convention. The main adaptations of the document to the marine environment concern the dilution rate in the water compartment, the behaviour of the substances, biodegradation, the local and regional exposure assessment scenario, effects assessment and secondary poisoning. A specific part dealing with PBT substances (Persistent, Bioaccumulable and Toxic) was also added. The initial concept of the guidance was however the same as for the inland environment. The document was used in the context of a specific study in France: “Environmental risk assessment of chemical releases of nuclear installations in Nord-Cotentin, France”. The chemical releases of industrial sites were mainly composed of metals and a few organic chemicals. The releases of 27 substances in the marine environment were assessed. Limits and uncertainties of the methodology were underlined regarding, in particular, the determination of PNEC and the lack of ecotoxicological data for the marine environment.
机译：在有关化学品（现有化学品，新化学品和杀生物剂）的欧洲法规的背景下，对环境和人类健康进行了风险评估。 1996年制定了技术指南文件（TGD），以支持委员会指令93/67 / EEC关于新知物质的风险评估和委员会法规（EC）No 1488/64关于现有物质的风险评估的方法，最近针对海洋环境。方法论的概念是基于代表环境中化学物质污染水平的值（暴露评估）与代表其对环境的影响（效应评估）之间的关系。对于“预计的环境浓度”，将暴露值表示为PEC，对于“预计的无效应浓度”，将影响值定义为PNEC。风险特征由PEC / PNEC比值表示。对技术指导文件的最新修改导致进行了两种不同的水生评估：一项用于内陆舱室评估，另一种用于海洋舱室评估。这项调整是在两年内进行的，是欧洲委员会和OSPAR公约合作的结果。该文件对海洋环境的主要修改涉及水室中的稀释率，物质的行为，生物降解，局部和区域接触评估方案，影响评估和二次中毒。还增加了涉及PBT物质（持久性，生物蓄积性和有毒物质）的特定部分。但是，该指南的最初概念与内陆环境相同。该文件是在法国进行的一项特定研究的背景下使用的：“法国Nord-Cotentin的核装置化学释放的环境风险评估”。工业场所的化学释放物主要由金属和一些有机化学物组成。评估了海洋环境中27种物质的释放。强调了该方法的局限性和不确定性，特别是在确定PNEC和缺乏海洋环境生态毒理学数据方面。

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